CTF -- volatility2/3命令小记和闲谈
文前漫谈
本文记录vol2/3常用命令，同时记录我的使用样例。以前初学时写过一篇，但是太过臃肿了，精简一下方便查阅。
从CTF的角度，取证和流量分析的题目一定是越来越多的，可能和“我们”的大方向有关，毕竟我们“攻是为了防”；
从渗透的角度，取证和流量分析大概是Misc里和渗透关系最近的。chrome浏览器的密码解密、Windows的DPAPI机制、webshell加密和解密流量分析等等，比找个工具跑跑脚本就从图片里提出个flag有意思，也更有意义。
取证是个各显神通的方向，显神通指的就是各位用的是哪家厂商的设备，这种东西事半功倍的效果立竿见影，也就是博客里常见的“一把嗦”。瞎扯了
简介
内存取证各家似乎都没有好用的产品，记得某古石，取个正常的内存进行要扫半个小时往上
建议去看看R-Studio，一款数据恢复软件，结合内存取证有奇效，其他的就看经验和积累了。比如，好东西总是在桌面上，如果不在，就骂出题人吧
闲谈结束，下面也就是我记得命令笔记了，没啥好看的
Vol2
to make sure Volatility supports that sample type, run
python vol.py imageinfo -f <imagename>' or 'python vol.py kdbgscan -f <imagename>'
here are common commands，带 * 的常用命令
amcache - Print AmCache information
apihooks - Detect API hooks in process and kernel memory
atoms - Print session and window station atom tables
atomscan - Pool scanner for atom tables
auditpol - Prints out the Audit Policies from HKLM\SECURITY\Policy\PolAdtEv
bigpools - Dump the big page pools using BigPagePoolScanner
bioskbd - Reads the keyboard buffer from Real Mode memory
cachedump - Dumps cached domain hashes from memory
callbacks - Print system-wide notification routines
clipboard - Extract the contents of the windows clipboard
*cmdline - Display process command-line arguments
*cmdscan - Extract command history by scanning for _COMMAND_HISTORY
connections - Print list of open connections [Windows XP and 2003 Only]
connscan - Pool scanner for tcp connections
consoles - Extract command history by scanning for _CONSOLE_INFORMATION
crashinfo - Dump crash-dump information
deskscan - Poolscaner for tagDESKTOP (desktops)
devicetree - Show device tree
dlldump - Dump DLLs from a process address space
dlllist - Print list of loaded dlls for each process
driverirp - Driver IRP hook detection
drivermodule - Associate driver objects to kernel modules
driverscan - Pool scanner for driver objects
dumpcerts - Dump RSA private and public SSL keys
dumpfiles - Extract memory mapped and cached files
dumpregistry - Dumps registry files out to disk
editbox - Displays information about Edit controls. (Listbox experimental.)
envars - Display process environment variables
eventhooks - Print details on windows event hooks
evtlogs - Extract Windows Event Logs (XP/2003 only)
*filescan - Pool scanner for file objects
gahti - Dump the USER handle type information
gditimers - Print installed GDI timers and callbacks
gdt - Display Global Descriptor Table
getservicesids - Get the names of services in the Registry and return Calculated SID
getsids - Print the SIDs owning each process
handles - Print list of open handles for each process
hashdump - Dumps passwords hashes (LM/NTLM) from memory
hibinfo - Dump hibernation file information
hivedump - Prints out a hive
hivelist - Print list of registry hives.
hivescan - Pool scanner for registry hives
hpakextract - Extract physical memory from an HPAK file
hpakinfo - Info on an HPAK file
idt - Display Interrupt Descriptor Table
iehistory - Reconstruct Internet Explorer cache / history
imagecopy - Copies a physical address space out as a raw DD image
imageinfo - Identify information for the image
impscan - Scan for calls to imported functions
joblinks - Print process job link information
kdbgscan - Search for and dump potential KDBG values
kpcrscan - Search for and dump potential KPCR values
ldrmodules - Detect unlinked DLLs
limeinfo - Dump Lime file format information
linux_apihooks - Checks for userland apihooks
linux_arp - Print the ARP table
linux_aslr_shift - Automatically detect the Linux ASLR shift
linux_banner - Prints the Linux banner information
linux_bash - Recover bash history from bash process memory
linux_bash_env - Recover a process' dynamic environment variables
linux_bash_hash - Recover bash hash table from bash process memory
linux_check_afinfo - Verifies the operation function pointers of network protocols
linux_check_creds - Checks if any processes are sharing credential structures
linux_check_evt_arm - Checks the Exception Vector Table to look for syscall table hooking
linux_check_fop - Check file operation structures for rootkit modifications
linux_check_idt - Checks if the IDT has been altered
linux_check_inline_kernel - Check for inline kernel hooks
linux_check_modules - Compares module list to sysfs info, if available
linux_check_syscall - Checks if the system call table has been altered
linux_check_syscall_arm - Checks if the system call table has been altered
linux_check_tty - Checks tty devices for hooks
linux_cpuinfo - Prints info about each active processor
linux_dentry_cache - Gather files from the dentry cache
linux_dmesg - Gather dmesg buffer
linux_dump_map - Writes selected memory mappings to disk
linux_dynamic_env - Recover a process' dynamic environment variables
linux_elfs - Find ELF binaries in process mappings
linux_enumerate_files - Lists files referenced by the filesystem cache
linux_find_file - Lists and recovers files from memory
linux_getcwd - Lists current working directory of each process
linux_hidden_modules - Carves memory to find hidden kernel modules
linux_ifconfig - Gathers active interfaces
linux_info_regs - It's like 'info registers' in GDB. It prints out all the
linux_iomem - Provides output similar to /proc/iomem
linux_kernel_opened_files - Lists files that are opened from within the kernel
linux_keyboard_notifiers - Parses the keyboard notifier call chain
linux_ldrmodules - Compares the output of proc maps with the list of libraries from libdl
linux_library_list - Lists libraries loaded into a process
linux_librarydump - Dumps shared libraries in process memory to disk
linux_list_raw - List applications with promiscuous sockets
linux_lsmod - Gather loaded kernel modules
linux_lsof - Lists file descriptors and their path
linux_malfind - Looks for suspicious process mappings
linux_memmap - Dumps the memory map for linux tasks
linux_moddump - Extract loaded kernel modules
linux_mount - Gather mounted fs/devices
linux_mount_cache - Gather mounted fs/devices from kmem_cache
linux_netfilter - Lists Netfilter hooks
linux_netscan - Carves for network connection structures
linux_netstat - Lists open sockets
linux_pidhashtable - Enumerates processes through the PID hash table
linux_pkt_queues - Writes per-process packet queues out to disk
linux_plthook - Scan ELF binaries' PLT for hooks to non-NEEDED images
linux_proc_maps - Gathers process memory maps
linux_proc_maps_rb - Gathers process maps for linux through the mappings red-black tree
linux_procdump - Dumps a process's executable image to disk
linux_process_hollow - Checks for signs of process hollowing
linux_psaux - Gathers processes along with full command line and start time
linux_psenv - Gathers processes along with their static environment variables
linux_pslist - Gather active tasks by walking the task_struct->task list
linux_pslist_cache - Gather tasks from the kmem_cache
linux_psscan - Scan physical memory for processes
linux_pstree - Shows the parent/child relationship between processes
linux_psxview - Find hidden processes with various process listings
linux_recover_filesystem - Recovers the entire cached file system from memory
linux_route_cache - Recovers the routing cache from memory
linux_sk_buff_cache - Recovers packets from the sk_buff kmem_cache
linux_slabinfo - Mimics /proc/slabinfo on a running machine
linux_strings - Match physical offsets to virtual addresses (may take a while, VERY verbose)
linux_threads - Prints threads of processes
linux_tmpfs - Recovers tmpfs filesystems from memory
linux_truecrypt_passphrase - Recovers cached Truecrypt passphrases
linux_vma_cache - Gather VMAs from the vm_area_struct cache
linux_volshell - Shell in the memory image
linux_yarascan - A shell in the Linux memory image
lsadump - Dump (decrypted) LSA secrets from the registry
mac_adium - Lists Adium messages
mac_apihooks - Checks for API hooks in processes
mac_apihooks_kernel - Checks to see if system call and kernel functions are hooked
mac_arp - Prints the arp table
mac_bash - Recover bash history from bash process memory
mac_bash_env - Recover bash's environment variables
mac_bash_hash - Recover bash hash table from bash process memory
mac_calendar - Gets calendar events from Calendar.app
mac_check_fop - Validate File Operation Pointers
mac_check_mig_table - Lists entires in the kernel's MIG table
mac_check_syscall_shadow - Looks for shadow system call tables
mac_check_syscalls - Checks to see if system call table entries are hooked
mac_check_sysctl - Checks for unknown sysctl handlers
mac_check_trap_table - Checks to see if mach trap table entries are hooked
mac_compressed_swap - Prints Mac OS X VM compressor stats and dumps all compressed pages
mac_contacts - Gets contact names from Contacts.app
mac_dead_procs - Prints terminated/de-allocated processes
mac_dead_sockets - Prints terminated/de-allocated network sockets
mac_dead_vnodes - Lists freed vnode structures
mac_devfs - Lists files in the file cache
mac_dmesg - Prints the kernel debug buffer
mac_dump_file - Dumps a specified file
mac_dump_maps - Dumps memory ranges of process(es), optionally including pages in compressed swap
mac_dyld_maps - Gets memory maps of processes from dyld data structures
mac_find_aslr_shift - Find the ASLR shift value for 10.8+ images
mac_get_profile - Automatically detect Mac profiles
mac_ifconfig - Lists network interface information for all devices
mac_interest_handlers - Lists IOKit Interest Handlers
mac_ip_filters - Reports any hooked IP filters
mac_kernel_classes - Lists loaded c++ classes in the kernel
mac_kevents - Show parent/child relationship of processes
mac_keychaindump - Recovers possbile keychain keys. Use chainbreaker to open related keychain files
mac_ldrmodules - Compares the output of proc maps with the list of libraries from libdl
mac_librarydump - Dumps the executable of a process
mac_list_files - Lists files in the file cache
mac_list_kauth_listeners - Lists Kauth Scope listeners
mac_list_kauth_scopes - Lists Kauth Scopes and their status
mac_list_raw - List applications with promiscuous sockets
mac_list_sessions - Enumerates sessions
mac_list_zones - Prints active zones
mac_lsmod - Lists loaded kernel modules
mac_lsmod_iokit - Lists loaded kernel modules through IOkit
mac_lsmod_kext_map - Lists loaded kernel modules
mac_lsof - Lists per-process opened files
mac_machine_info - Prints machine information about the sample
mac_malfind - Looks for suspicious process mappings
mac_memdump - Dump addressable memory pages to a file
mac_moddump - Writes the specified kernel extension to disk
mac_mount - Prints mounted device information
mac_netstat - Lists active per-process network connections
mac_network_conns - Lists network connections from kernel network structures
mac_notesapp - Finds contents of Notes messages
mac_notifiers - Detects rootkits that add hooks into I/O Kit (e.g. LogKext)
mac_orphan_threads - Lists threads that don't map back to known modules/processes
mac_pgrp_hash_table - Walks the process group hash table
mac_pid_hash_table - Walks the pid hash table
mac_print_boot_cmdline - Prints kernel boot arguments
mac_proc_maps - Gets memory maps of processes
mac_procdump - Dumps the executable of a process
mac_psaux - Prints processes with arguments in user land (**argv)
mac_psenv - Prints processes with environment in user land (**envp)
mac_pslist - List Running Processes
mac_pstree - Show parent/child relationship of processes
mac_psxview - Find hidden processes with various process listings
mac_recover_filesystem - Recover the cached filesystem
mac_route - Prints the routing table
mac_socket_filters - Reports socket filters
mac_strings - Match physical offsets to virtual addresses (may take a while, VERY verbose)
mac_tasks - List Active Tasks
mac_threads - List Process Threads
mac_threads_simple - Lists threads along with their start time and priority
mac_timers - Reports timers set by kernel drivers
mac_trustedbsd - Lists malicious trustedbsd policies
mac_version - Prints the Mac version
mac_vfsevents - Lists processes filtering file system events
mac_volshell - Shell in the memory image
mac_yarascan - Scan memory for yara signatures
machoinfo - Dump Mach-O file format information
malfind - Find hidden and injected code
mbrparser - Scans for and parses potential Master Boot Records (MBRs)
memdump - Dump the addressable memory for a process
memmap - Print the memory map
messagehooks - List desktop and thread window message hooks
mftparser - Scans for and parses potential MFT entries
moddump - Dump a kernel driver to an executable file sample
modscan - Pool scanner for kernel modules
modules - Print list of loaded modules
multiscan - Scan for various objects at once
mutantscan - Pool scanner for mutex objects
netscan - Scan a Vista (or later) image for connections and sockets
notepad - List currently displayed notepad text
objtypescan - Scan for Windows object type objects
patcher - Patches memory based on page scans
poolpeek - Configurable pool scanner plugin
pooltracker - Show a summary of pool tag usage
printkey - Print a registry key, and its subkeys and values
privs - Display process privileges
procdump - Dump a process to an executable file sample
pslist - Print all running processes by following the EPROCESS lists
psscan - Pool scanner for process objects
pstree - Print process list as a tree
psxview - Find hidden processes with various process listings
qemuinfo - Dump Qemu information
raw2dmp - Converts a physical memory sample to a windbg crash dump
screenshot - Save a pseudo-screenshot based on GDI windows
servicediff - List Windows services (ala Plugx)
sessions - List details on _MM_SESSION_SPACE (user logon sessions)
shellbags - Prints ShellBags info
shimcache - Parses the Application Compatibility Shim Cache registry key
shutdowntime - Print ShutdownTime of machine from registry
sockets - Print list of open sockets
sockscan - Pool scanner for tcp socket objects
ssdt - Display SSDT entries
strings - Match physical offsets to virtual addresses (may take a while, VERY verbose)
svcscan - Scan for Windows services
symlinkscan - Pool scanner for symlink objects
thrdscan - Pool scanner for thread objects
threads - Investigate _ETHREAD and _KTHREADs
timeliner - Creates a timeline from various artifacts in memory
timers - Print kernel timers and associated module DPCs
truecryptmaster - Recover TrueCrypt 7.1a Master Keys
truecryptpassphrase - TrueCrypt Cached Passphrase Finder
truecryptsummary - TrueCrypt Summary
unloadedmodules - Print list of unloaded modules
userassist - Print userassist registry keys and information
userhandles - Dump the USER handle tables
vaddump - Dumps out the vad sections to a file
vadinfo - Dump the VAD info
vadtree - Walk the VAD tree and display in tree format
vadwalk - Walk the VAD tree
vboxinfo - Dump virtualbox information
verinfo - Prints out the version information from PE images
vmwareinfo - Dump VMware VMSS/VMSN information
volshell - Shell in the memory image
win10cookie - Find the ObHeaderCookie value for Windows 10
windows - Print Desktop Windows (verbose details)
wintree - Print Z-Order Desktop Windows Tree
wndscan - Pool scanner for window stations
yarascan - Scan process or kernel memory with Yara signatures
vol3
vol3不用识别image了，直接用插件就ok，但是查符号表要联网，有时候需要魔法上网
查找可用的插件
$ python3 vol.py --help | grep windows | head -n 5
windows.bigpools.BigPools
windows.cmdline.CmdLine
windows.crashinfo.Crashinfo
windows.dlllist.DllList
使用，以hashdump为例
$ python3 vol.py -f MemDump.DMP windows.hashdump
Volatility 3 Framework 2.0.3
Progress: 100.00 PDB scanning finished
User rid lmhash nthash
Administrator 500 aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee 31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0
Guest 501 aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee 31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0
Frank Reynolds 1000 aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee a88d1e18706d3aa676e01e5943d15911
HomeGroupUser$ 1002 aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee af10ecac6ea817d2bb56e3e5c33ce1cd
Dennis 1003 aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee cf96684bbc7877920adaa9663698bf54